"- three-year-old crisis: signs of a crisis and how to overcome it. "Don't want! I won't! No need! I myself!” - three-year-old crisis: signs of a crisis and how to overcome it. What happens to a child at 3 years old

The child is 3 years old. The nursery period of life has ended, the baby has entered preschool age. What changes await him in the coming year physically and psychologically? How can we help him get all the necessary knowledge and create a comfortable developmental environment? Let's look at these and many other issues of child development from 3 to 4 years old.

Physical development

Junior preschool age (3-4 years) is a new stage in a child’s life. The baby runs well, jumps, climbs, and tries to play group games.

After 3 years, weight and height gain occurs unnoticed by parents. Over 12 months, most children will gain weight by 1-2 kg and grow by 3-7 cm. Boys who previously showed an abrupt increase in length and weight switch to more gradual changes in these indicators. By the age of 4, many girls will catch up with the weight and height of their peers. From the age of 4, female representatives will begin to grow faster than future men.

A child’s weight gain and height is an individual indicator, largely based on the child’s genetics, nutritional habits, and physical activity. In families where mom and dad are large, quite often children show faster growth and weight gain than their peers.

A sharp decrease and increase in height and weight should cause you concern if a significant difference between the values ​​is clearly noticeable. If you notice that, against the background of rapid weight gain, the baby has practically not grown, he has folds on his arms and stomach, it is difficult for him to move and he refuses to run often, you should contact your local pediatrician for an additional examination, possibly an examination.

By the age of 3, a child should normally have 20 baby teeth. A deviation from the appearance date of 1 month is allowed. If at 3 years and 1 month the toddler does not have all 20 teeth, you need to contact a pediatric dentist.

Norms of physical development of children from 3 to 4 years old depending on gender

Mental development

The formation of a child’s psyche between 3 and 4 years old enters a new stage. The baby recognizes itself as a separate person from its parents and requires an appropriate attitude. During this period, most children experience a crisis of 3 years. This difficult stage can drag on and be very difficult. To speed up the normalization of relationships with your baby, remember the main signs of crisis phenomena:

• Stubbornness. Even calm, balanced children during this period can change dramatically, start arguing and doing things to spite adults;
• Negativism. The child refuses any proposal from an adult. At the same time, if you present the same thing in the form of an imaginary choice, then the baby agrees with pleasure (“will you eat?” - “no”; “What will you eat porridge or soup?” - “soup”);
• Trying to command. The manifestation of despotism is one of the signs of the 3-year crisis. The baby not only does not want to follow your commands, but also tries to force you to follow his lead;
• Exaggerated independence. Previously, the child said “I myself” when he was confident in his abilities. Now he wants to do everything himself, even what is beyond his control;
• Jealousy. One of the signs of a 3-year-old crisis is the manifestation of jealousy towards other children. The child reacts negatively to parents’ expression of interest in other children, and may fight or try to drive them away.

Your patience and cunning will help you cope with crises. Many psychologists agree that you can reduce the frequency and activity of negative manifestations:

• A calm reaction to any negative manifestations on the part of the child. Do not scream or scold your baby during a tantrum. Take him away or take him away from a crowded place and let him throw out all the accumulated emotions. After the hysteria ends, suggest that in the future he express his desires in words rather than by shouting;
• By establishing laws that will be followed by all family members. If something is forbidden to a child, then you need to firmly say “no” and not make concessions, despite manipulation and blackmail (hysterics, screaming, attempts to fight);
• Expanding the zone of independent action. Let your child do more of the activities themselves. Excessive care during this period can provoke increased crisis manifestations;
• Not by ordering, but by giving the opportunity to choose. Making an imaginary choice is the best way to avoid denial or anger. To get your baby to eat, ask him not “do you want to eat?”, but “what will you eat?” Making even an imaginary choice, the baby feels respect for his opinion and makes contact faster;
• Replace the commanding tone with a request for help. If the baby refuses to take your hand while crossing the road, then you don’t need to tell him that this is necessary for him. Ask him to help you cross the road, tell him that you are afraid. The child will feel his importance, the need for his help and will be happy to help.

The 3-year-old crisis affects all children between 3 and 4 years old to varying degrees. This occurs due to the completion of the process of separating the child's personality from the parents. The baby now speaks about himself in the first person, understands that he is a person, and demands an appropriate attitude. An attempt on the part of parents to suppress independence can lead to the appearance of various complexes. It is recommended to take this period for granted and be patient.

Nervous system development

Along with the complex processes of formation of the child’s psyche, between the 3rd and 4th year of life there is an active maturation of the nervous system. After 3 years, the baby can already perform operations of analysis and synthesis, perceiving surrounding objects not only as independent objects, but also as parts of the whole. The appearance of developed active speech contributes to this process. Through questions and play activities, the child generalizes previously acquired knowledge, clarifies the properties of surrounding objects, and forms stronger auditory-visual-tactile connections.

By the age of 4, a toddler’s amount of knowledge doubles, so it’s noticeable how quickly he gets tired of his research. During this period, children are characterized by fussiness and haste. The child knows many different options for movements and playing techniques, but still does not know how to quickly choose the most suitable ones, as a result of which he performs many unnecessary actions.

Try not to overload your child with a lot of new information. Support his curiosity with exercises in which he can quickly find the answer on his own. Seeing his capabilities and successes, the child will strive to learn more and more. It is recommended to give new information in small portions, gradually. For example, when studying the world around you using cards, you can offer up to 10 new items and objects per day, mixed with previously studied ones.

Skills of children 3-4 years old

At 3-4 years old, the child masters basic motor skills well. He is good at:

• run. If necessary, the baby can speed up or slow down the pace, go around obstacles, and suddenly change the direction of movement;
• jump. The baby already manages to jump up on 1 or 2 legs, forward or to the sides;
• maintain balance when climbing an inclined board or walking along a curb;
• stand on 1 leg for several minutes. It is normal if, while in this position, the baby spreads his arms and staggers a little. The ability to stand straight on one leg without resorting to balancing will appear closer to 6 years of age;
• jump over small obstacles. The baby can jump over a stick lying on the ground, keeping his legs together, jump over a small chair, moving his legs alternately;
• climb a sports wall, hold your body by clinging to the crossbar with your hands;
• use different techniques when playing the ball: catch with two hands, throw with 1 or 2 hands, throw forward, backward, over the head, left, right, up;
• walk on tiptoes, heels;
• according to instructions, perform different types of steps: wide, extended, raising the knees high, mincing;
• walk backwards;
• independently climb and descend stairs;
• if you have a bicycle, balance bike, or scooter, move quickly enough.

By the age of 4, you can begin to introduce your child to skates and skis. These types of winter activities train the muscles of the legs and back well and improve coordination.

Social and moral development and personal development of a child 3-4 years old

According to psychologists, the age of 3-4 years is the most suitable for starting to attend kindergarten. This recommendation is based on the changes occurring in the social, moral and personal development of the child during this period. Until the age of 3, children do not need company to play with. The best partner for entertainment is an adult, watching whom children learn simple game techniques. At approximately 3 years of age, a change occurs in the baby's consciousness. The child begins to perceive himself as a separate person from his parents, and feels the need to play with peers or older children.

If you do not plan to send your child to a preschool institution, then from the age of 3 it is necessary to provide your child with the opportunity to play and communicate with other children on the playground, in clubs and sections. The ability to make friends and build relationships with other people is formed during this period; subsequently, it will be more difficult to make up for lost opportunities.

First of all, a 3-4 year old child should be taught:

• Greet other children and adults when meeting;
• Meet. Show how you can take the initiative in a conversation by saying your name and asking the other child what their name is;
• Share, change. After 3 years, the baby already feels the need to play with other children and it is enough to explain that by allowing the baby to play with toys, the baby will attract the interest of another child.
• To play together. If before this period joint games were limited to parallel activities, the children were simply nearby, but everyone was doing their own thing, now you can offer to do something together (build a sand castle, throw a ball to each other).
• Use your imagination to play together. The baby is already good at using substitute objects and coming up with a plot for the game. Invite him to include in the idea not mom or dad, but another baby.

Having taught these simple elements, adults allow the child to start making acquaintances on his own and take the first steps towards making friends.

Gender differences begin to appear in the personal development of children aged 3-4 years. Boys begin to feel that they belong to the male sex, and girls - to the female sex. These changes show up in games. Boys often try to take on the role of a father or uncle, copying the behavior of their male relatives; girls copy their mother or grandmother. Due to the emergence of an understanding of the differences between the sexes, preferences in clothing may begin to appear: girls may demand pink clothes, boys - wardrobe items with cars, cartoon characters.

By the age of 4, children with leadership qualities begin to actively try to lead other children and become the ringleaders in the company. At this stage, it is important to instill the correct moral attitudes, to teach the difference between “good” and “evil.”

It is already much easier to communicate with a 3-4 year old child. The baby can listen and evaluate your proposal and take an active part in the discussion of important issues. Of course, often his proposals will be naive and unfounded, but for comfortable personality development, you should listen to them, explain why they are good and why they are not suitable.

Noticeable changes also occur in the child’s attitude towards parents and other people. He begins to show various forms of sympathy with pleasure. In different situations, a child can ask for forgiveness for his actions, show care and tenderness. Now it is much easier for him to notice and understand the mood of the person with whom he is communicating. It is recommended at this age to teach your child to use polite words and follow the rules of behavior in public places. The easiest way is to introduce the toddler to the norms of behavior in a playful way. Invite him to play in a store, kindergarten, hospital and use the example of toys to show him how to behave correctly.

Closer to 3.5 years, it is good to introduce the child to the main traditions and holidays, tell them what features each holiday has. By the age of 4, you can offer to visit the first exhibition, children's theater, or musical performance. Through observing the behavior of other people, getting acquainted with new types of entertainment and getting acquainted with art, the child will form his personal qualities and will quickly understand the importance of observing social norms.

Cognitive development of a child at 3-4 years old

By the age of 3, the child’s knowledge base becomes organized. The child actively uses generalization words, applies analysis and synthesis to find a solution to the proposed task. If you carefully observe the baby’s independent activities, you can clearly see how quickly he applies new knowledge and adapts it to various games. During this period, it is worth continuing to actively introduce the child to the world around him, offering thematic activities. By the age of 4, a child should know:

• About 10 pets. Be able to name them, show what sounds they make, tell how they are useful for humans, what they eat;
• 5-7 species of birds, including domestic ones, recognize them in the picture;
• 4-5 types of fish;
• 4-5 types of insects;
• main plants found in your region: 3-5 types of trees, 5-7 types of flowers;
• basic vegetables, fruits, berries, mushrooms growing in your region, available for sale;
• what is the difference between the main materials (plastic, glass, wood, stone, concrete);
• different parts of the day (morning, afternoon, evening, night), be able to tell what actions are typical for each time;
• seasons and their differences;
• basic natural phenomena (rain, thunderstorm, sun, wind, etc.);
• main parts of the body. Be able to show them on yourself, another person, a picture;
• 3-5 main professions;
• up to 10 types of transport;
• differences between city, countryside, nature.

If adults wish, at 3-4 years old a child can learn the alphabet. Many methods of early learning to read suggest starting to learn this skill from the age of 3. The main requirement for early learning to read is the presentation of knowledge in an easy, playful way.

The cognitive development of a child at 3-4 years of age is primarily the merit of the parents. The more new knowledge you present to your child and answer his questions in detail, the wider the toddler’s knowledge base becomes.

Logical thinking and mathematical abilities

Between 3 and 4 years, the understanding of basic mathematical concepts and logical operations improves. With sufficient attention to the child’s education, by the age of 4 the child can confidently know:

• count up to 10. Be able to count to 5 and back on fingers, cards, toys, put aside the named number of objects, counting one at a time;
• concepts: a lot - a little, more - less, high - low, wide - narrow, etc.;
• primary colors of the spectrum and up to 15 shades;
• basic geometric shapes. Be able to identify the outlines of the named figure in surrounding objects.

• compare objects with each other according to 1-2 characteristics;
• select pairs of toys with 1-2 similar characteristics;
• fold cut pictures, puzzles;
• find and explain inconsistencies between two similar pictures;
• remember a sequence of 3-5 pictures;
• find changes, remember movements, details, signs as instructed by an adult.

Special attention should be paid to involving the child in independent activities. At 3-4 years old, a child can concentrate his attention on one type of activity for up to 20 minutes, without additional motivation from an adult. The baby can concentrate on the same type of simple tasks for up to 5 minutes. When offering your child an independent task, try to alternate different types of activities, combine motor and mental activity.

Speech development of a 3-4 year old child

Normally, by the age of 3, children should speak in simple phrases and begin to construct complex sentences. Speech should be filled with verbs, adjectives, adverbs and prepositions. Some deviations in speech clarity: rearrangement of syllables, swallowing of endings should normally disappear by 3.5 years. If a child severely distorts words, breaks the sequence of words in a composed sentence, does not use the pronoun “I” when talking about himself, or does not try to conduct a dialogue, it is necessary to consult a speech therapist.

The appearance of active speech in each individual child occurs at its own time. Some children already recite long poems at the age of 3, while others are just beginning to form their first sentences. Don't compare your child to other children. It is recommended to evaluate speech development by comparing current skills and past performance, and to monitor compliance with minimum standards. So, normally by the age of 3 a child should be able to:

• Make simple sentences;
• Maintain a conversation about recent events;
• Use speech to obtain new information;
• Repeat the plot of a familiar fairy tale, relying on pictures or illustrations;
• Perform several consecutive actions at the request of an adult;
• When talking about yourself, say “I”;
• Try to change words by case.

By the age of 4, a child should be able to:

• Describe the picture or situation you saw;
• Quickly formulate simple sentences and compose complex phrases;
• Divide objects into groups, use generalizations;
• Know the names of the main characteristics of objects. Use the name of color, size, type in ordinary speech;
• Use verbs that denote actions that are appropriate in meaning;
• Repeat complex words, songs, poems after an adult;
• Know your first and last name, answer the question “what is your name” with a detailed sentence (“my name is...”);
• Be able to change the volume of your voice at the request of an adult;
• Pronounce the sounds “Z”, “S”, “C”.
• Use pronouns, tenses, cases correctly;
• Agree verb and noun in time;
• Add diminutive suffixes to words;
• Invent your own new words, select the meaning of incomprehensible words, relying on your knowledge.

A child's speech at 4 years old still has direct word order. Complex sentences are formed using conjunctions.

Artistic and creative development of a child 3-4 years old

Developing the ability to express one’s emotions through various types of creativity plays an important role in the formation of a child’s psyche. At 3-4 years old, you can already notice how much the child’s imagination and emotions have developed; it’s time to develop the child’s ability to create a new fictional reality using improvised means.

At 3-4 years old, the child still does not know how to distinguish between the fictional and real worlds; the game accompanies him in all matters. At the same time, the child’s emotions increasingly overwhelm him and require outlet through all kinds of activities. The development of creative potential allows a child to discover a simple way of expressing emotions and promptly notice changes in his psychological state. Drawings, applications, and crafts can tell a lot about a child’s current state and reveal to adults his experiences and fears. Through creativity, you can discuss with your child issues of “good” and “evil,” relationships, the concept of “beautiful” and “ugly.”

At 3-4 years old, a child has access to different ways to develop creative potential:

• Drawing. Invite your little one to work with paints using fingers, brushes, sponges, and stamps. Show how to draw a picture with pencils, felt-tip pens, and crayons. Sand painting classes are very useful;
• Applications. Create a craft with your child from paper, cotton wool, natural materials (cones, twigs, leaves);
• Modeling. You can add clay to the already known dough and plasticine. Offer to sculpt simple figures of animals, pieces of furniture, people;
• Construction. Build houses and garages, furniture and trains;
• Cutting out. To work with paper, encourage your child to use special children's scissors. Show how to cut out a snowflake, sun, cloud. Learn to cut along the contour;
• Origami. Creating three-dimensional figures without using scissors and glue is a good way to develop imagination and fine motor skills. At 3-4 years old, a child can fold a sheet of paper in half and bend the corners according to the example;
• Weaving from beads. Show how you can create different compositions by stringing beads on a thread and weaving them together.

In addition to activities that develop creative potential, it is good to invite the child to develop his knowledge of music, painting, theatrical art, etc. By the age of 4, you can visit an exhibition of paintings and sculptures, a children's theater, and musical performances.

Sleep and daily routine

Sleep for a 3-4 year old child is an important part of full and stable development. The total duration of rest per day is 12 hours. Of these, 10 hours are spent sleeping at night and 2 hours during the day.

During this period, it is often difficult to feed and put the child to bed on time, so following a certain daily routine can reduce the child’s protests. The baby will want to eat and sleep at the usual time, and all you have to do is offer him an imaginary choice. Many children begin to attend kindergarten during this period; it is recommended to rearrange the child’s daily routine according to the norms established in the preschool educational institution in advance, so that the child has time to get used to the new schedule.

Household skills

A child between 3 and 4 years of age is already able to perform many household activities independently. It is recommended to provide maximum opportunity to perform activities accessible to the baby without adult support. At 3-4 years old, a toddler can:

• Dressing and undressing;
• Eat using cutlery (spoon, fork);
• Drink from a cup;
• Put toys away;
• Take care of your appearance and maintain neatness;
• Use the potty;
• Wash your hands, face;
• Water the flowers;
• Wipe off the dust.

Giving the child independence reduces the negative manifestations of the 3-year-old crisis, forms an understanding of the importance of maintaining order, and gives the child confidence in his abilities.

Personal hygiene of a child 3-4 years old

• Correct use of the toilet. After 3 years, you can gradually accustom your child to using an adult toilet. To do this, you need to purchase a special cover for the toilet so that the baby can sit comfortably, and a chair or stand if the baby’s height does not allow him to climb on his own. Tell and show how to use toilet paper or napkins, explain why you need to do this;
• Hand washing. The child must remember that it is necessary to clean his hands after going to the toilet, going outside, before eating and whenever they become dirty. Help learn how to use soap correctly, wash your hands thoroughly on all sides and between the fingers;
• Wash. Show how to properly wash your face and use a towel;
• Brush your teeth. The baby can already clean his teeth on his own using a baby brush and special toothpaste;
• Controlling the neatness of your appearance. At 3-4 years old, a child can monitor the condition of his clothes himself, not wear dirty, wrinkled items of clothing, and replace soiled items in a timely manner.

At 3-4 years of age, the foundation of mandatory self-care procedures is laid. It is recommended to teach all basic hygiene requirements during this period so that by school age they become a habit.

How to develop a child. Cheat sheet for moms

The development of a child at 3-4 years old should occur in different directions. To make it more convenient for you, we have prepared a small cheat sheet offering different options for activities that stimulate all the necessary skills.

The basis for successfully mastering the proposed exercises is the creation of suitable conditions in which the child will feel freedom of choice and interest. Recommended:

• Praise the child as often as possible for success in completing the proposed task;
• Do not scold for mistakes and mistakes. If the little one is very upset, support him, tell him that next time everything will definitely work out;
• Choose a task based on the child’s current wishes;
• Do not force the child to complete a task if the child does not want to;
• Select tasks that are accessible to the child based on their level of knowledge. Tasks that are too easy or difficult can discourage you from studying.

What should you be wary of?

Each child is an individual. You should not compare him with his peers, trying to find where he is behind them. It is necessary to compare the baby only with himself in the past. But, despite the individual pace of child development, there are a number of indicators that require special attention from parents:

• Absence of speech or the presence of gross violations of the construction of sentences of words by the age of 3;
• Primitive play activities, absence of role-playing games by 36 months;
• Inability to perform simple everyday activities (eating, dressing, washing) when adults try to teach these skills;
• Poor coordination of movements, lack of attempts to climb the wall;
• Apathy, reluctance to study independently;
• Inability to distinguish colors and shapes.

If you notice one or more of these signs in your baby, contact your local pediatrician for advice.

At 3-4 years old, a child becomes an independent person who requires respect and attention. The baby realizes that he can do a lot on his own, tries to understand his place in the family, and find the boundaries of what is permitted. No matter how difficult it is during a crisis, try to remain calm. A little time will pass and everything will get better, the child will understand how to behave, what can be done, and where it is better to remain silent and stop. Your persistence in teaching, explaining and repeating important rules will definitely help your child to be successful in learning and communicating with peers.

In this article:

At three years and three months, a child's development allows him to master riding a tricycle without the help of adults. In addition, at this age, children can independently ride on swings and slide down small slides on sleds. They show great interest in their peers, exchange toys with pleasure, and play games together.

Babies at three years and three months still find it difficult to perform several actions at the same time. At the same time, children are distinguished by courage and even despair: almost all three-year-olds are not afraid of water or heights, and are happy to take risks if they feel the support of an adult. Three-year-old children are very energetic, they run a lot, dance, jump, and play with a ball with pleasure.

Features of cognitive development of a three-year-old child

At three years and three months, the baby knows several primary colors and also tries to identify some of the shades. If you ask your baby to find a particular color in a picture, he will do it with enthusiasm.

Babies at three years and three months demonstrate active cognitive development. They play with insert toys, putting smaller ones into larger ones,
play with the pyramid, assembling it in the right order - by the colors of the rings or by size.

At this age, a child’s development can be accelerated by selecting games for him based on flat geometric shapes, such as trapezoids, circles, squares, and triangles. Children at three years and three months are already able to distinguish them from each other; moreover, they will be able to navigate the configuration of three-dimensional figures, selecting, for example, suitable holes for them.

How else is a child’s cognitive development expressed after three years? Here are his main skills in this area:

• The child can, while playing, identify geometric shapes by touch and name them;
• assembles a pyramid of more than 10 rings;
• puts together a mosaic according to a drawing or diagram;
• knows how to name large and small objects, giving a name to what is between them - “middle”;
• puts together simple puzzles from several parts;
• remembers the place where the toy hidden by adults stood and points to it;
• imitates writing and reading of adults;
• fills in the missing details in the drawings;
• draws geometric shapes;
• draws original pictures, explaining what is depicted on them;
• sculpts simple figures;
• makes simple applications using templates.

After three years, children show a keen interest in role-playing games, happily playing the roles of adults, such as mom, dad or teacher. During the game, kids fantasize, come up with rules, and actively use objects and substitute toys.

Features of the baby's social and emotional development

At three years and three months, the child’s social-emotional development moves to a new level. During this period, it is very important for a child to feel the support and approval of adults. Children try to be more independent and independent, they are not afraid to take initiative,
They are sincerely upset if something does not work out as planned, and are proud when everything goes according to plan.

The feeling of dominance over peers is especially pronounced at this age. After three years of age, it is very important for children to prove to themselves and adults that they are the best, regardless of whether it is a competition in running a race with the same kids or climbing a gymnastic ladder.

A three-year-old baby is curious and shows interest in everything that surrounds him. Interestingly, a baby’s long-term memory is based on experienced impressions, the shelf life of which can exceed a year or a year and a half.

One of the achievements of a child of the fourth year of life is control of emotions. In crowded places, the child already knows how to restrain screams and hysterics, tries to follow the rules of behavior, listens to the requests of adults and tries to fulfill them.

A child shows disobedience when his desires are deliberately limited, as well as when adults do not understand what he wants to convey to them. The child insists on his own and is sincerely upset if he is punished or scolded.

Acting, in his opinion, badly, the child suffers from shame and remorse. He knows that he did something wrong, and already anticipates the negative reaction of adults to his action. Children also know how to evaluate the actions and behavior of other children, condemning them or encouraging them.

At this age, it is normal for babies to show a wide range of emotions, from jealousy to anger or joy. The kid already knows how to put it into practice
non-verbal methods of communication, uses facial expressions, gestures, postures and expressive movements.

It is also noteworthy that at three years and three months the baby perfectly understands humor, listens with pleasure to fairy tales, songs, stories, experiences the emotions of the main characters, showing a desire to discuss their actions with adults.

At three years and three months, babies are especially emotionally responsive, react positively to singing and music, try to dance, keeping the rhythm, clap their hands and stomp their feet to the music. Children give preference to cheerful music and bright pictures. Kids show interest in drawing and modeling, and simply love outdoor games.

How does a child’s speech develop?

At three years and three months, children already speak quite confidently; their active vocabulary contains many new words that they use when communicating, as well as to express feelings, desires, and impressions.

The speech of a three-year-old child is dominated by simple, grammatically correct sentences. In some cases subordinate clauses begin to appear in it. Very often the child comments on his own actions.

At three years and three months, the child’s speech development is accompanied by the improvement of his oral literacy. The baby already changes words according to cases and numbers, knows question words, replenishes his stock of adjectives and adverbs, and uses prepositions. The child listens to adults, remembers and repeats entire phrases from songs, fairy tales and poems, and tries to pronounce sounds and words as correctly as possible.

At the same age, children develop a desire to rhyme. They happily come up with rhymes, invent their own children's words that are incomprehensible to adults, and monitor the reactions of others to them. Kids willingly enter into dialogue with both adults and children, name animals, insects, objects and phenomena in pictures, and give them simple descriptions.

Very often, it is at the age of three that parents decide to send their children to kindergartens, believing that they are strong enough and their psycho-emotional development allows them to communicate with peers and teachers without the presence of their parents. However, not all children, even at three years and three months, are ready to enter kindergarten. The development of each baby is individual, so before making such a decision, it would not hurt to consult with your pediatrician.

After three years, the child’s active physical development continues, which is expressed in a change in the proportions of his body and an improvement in physical qualities. The baby grows taller, becomes more coordinated, fast and resilient. He succeeds in a lot, and most importantly, he practically never gets tired, trying to be constantly on the move.

In order for the baby’s development to proceed correctly, parents must take care of organizing the correct daily routine for him, preferably with daytime sleep or at least rest.

If you plan to enroll your child in kindergarten, then you need to try to bring the home daily routine as close as possible to the kindergarten routine. The baby will need to be woken up no later than eight in the morning, fed breakfast no later than nine, go for walks with him twice a day, and be sure to teach him to be independent in maintaining hygiene rules, if adults have previously been responsible for this.

It would be a good idea to take your baby for a walk near the kindergarten where he will be enrolled, to get to know the teacher and the children. Such simple actions will help the child prepare for entering kindergarten, and his subsequent adaptation will be quick and painless.

Can stand on tiptoes (toes) for several seconds. Walks on tiptoes for at least 3 meters. Must be able to stand on one leg for at least 3-4 seconds.

Jumps over the line on the floor. By the age of three, and often earlier, he climbs stairs on his own, alternating legs: placing one leg on each step when going up. He goes down more carefully, placing two feet on each step. Can jump off the last step keeping both legs together (Fig. 58).

Throws and catches the ball. At 3.5 years old, all children must catch a ball thrown from a distance of 2 meters.

He rides a tricycle, pedaling. If your child doesn't have a bicycle, you can test your coordination with a test.

Test

If shown and explained well, the baby can perform two different actions at the same time - stomping his feet and clapping his hands.

Food. Eats independently with a spoon and fork. He holds them by the end of the handle.

Household skills. He dresses and puts on his shoes himself. Fastens buttons, except for inconvenient ones, for example on the back. Some children can be taught to tie their shoelaces. Undresses on his own. Knows how to fold his clothes before going to bed.

Notices the disarray in his clothes. Knows how to use a handkerchief and napkin as needed without being reminded. Knows how to wipe his feet when entering an apartment.

Wash hands independently with soap and dry them with a towel. Some children brush their teeth themselves, but most still need help squeezing the toothpaste onto the brush.

Inserts the key into the door lock (from two years old), turns the key in the door lock.

He is active in the daily life of the family: he likes to help adults with cleaning the house, shopping, and working in the garden. You can trust your child to carry the dishes and set the table.

Regulates his physiological needs - goes to the toilet on time. Does everything independently (undressing, sitting down, dressing), except for using toilet paper.

Mental development

A game. Assembles a pyramid of eight to ten rings according to a pattern or pattern (in descending order of size, by size and color, by shape and size). Builds a tower of eight or nine cubes.

Matches flat geometric shapes to the sample (circle, rectangle, triangle, trapezoid, oval, square). Some of them are called: circle, triangle, square, etc.

Upon demonstration, at the request of an adult, or in independent play, he assembles sequentially (puts smaller ones into larger ones) nesting dolls, bowls, molds, caps from four to five components (that is, he can put 3-4 nesting dolls into each other). When nesting figures you should no longer use brute force. He understands well how to insert an object, which part or side to bring it to another object. But you may also need help closing the nesting doll and matching the patterns on its two halves.

When presented with three objects of different sizes, he finds and can name large, small and medium. Identifies an object by its texture (soft, hard).

From cubes, construction sets, or auxiliary materials, he begins to make more complex plot buildings and names them: house, fence, car, bridge, etc. He builds not only independently or according to the verbal instructions of an adult, he can build according to a model or drawing, or copies a model. Uses these buildings for a board game with story toys (car, teddy bear, doll).

At this age, you can already start buying simple board games for your child.

Strives to play with other children. Participation in collective role-play becomes important for the child. When assigned roles by elders, he readily plays the role assigned to him: “You will be a bunny.” Willingly carries out instructions in the game. Follows the rules in outdoor games. When playing with children, demonstrates an understanding of turns. There is a tendency to have friends. Treats children kindly: does not snatch toys, does not take them without asking, and shares his toys. For the further development of the child, it is useful to organize communication with other children and visit kindergarten. As stated earlier, girls adjust better to kindergarten. For boys, the start of kindergarten can be delayed until 3.5 years.

Self-directed role-playing is being improved. For example, when playing with a doll or a teddy bear, a child can say “I am a mother”, “I am a doctor”, that is, he takes on a certain role. Dresses and undresses dolls. Shows imagination in games (chair - car, cube - soap). Due to imagination, he can carry out play actions without objects. Fantasizes in the game, introducing fairy-tale characters into it. In the game he calls himself some kind of character. Answers an adult’s question: “Who are you?” He talks a lot during the game, commenting on his actions or what he imagines in the game. Uses role-playing speech in the game. Speaks for himself and for the doll.

Draws. Holds a pencil correctly with the fingers of the dominant hand, copies from a sample, draws horizontal and vertical lines, closed shapes (circle, sun, apple). As shown, he can draw a cross, but not every child can copy it. Copying differs from drawing by demonstration in that when copying, the child does not see how you yourself draw. The child copies from a drawing you have already drawn. Therefore, copying is a more difficult task than drawing from your show.

After your demonstration, he begins to draw a man in two parts, with a pair of limbs, for example two hands, counted as one part. He usually draws either a torso and head, or a torso and legs, most often a “cephalopod” - a man without a torso.

He begins to draw according to his own ideas. Explains what he is drawing (sun, path, rain, etc.). He begins to paint over the drawings. Shows interest in drawing and modeling. Rolls out lumps of clay and plasticine in the palms of your hands and connects the parts. Sculpts simple shapes (ball, column, sausage, bagel). Names them in response to the question: “What is this?” He is happy with his actions when they work out. Gets upset when you can't do something.

Shows a sense of pride in himself (“I’m the best runner”), in his parents (“Dad is the strongest,” “Mom is the most beautiful”). He begins to understand humor - he laughs, he is perplexed. Emotionally reacts differently to the beautiful and ugly: notices, distinguishes, evaluates.

Emotionally assesses the situation: empathizes (if someone is hurt), helps (if you need help), sympathizes, behaves quietly (if someone is sleeping, tired). Notices the sadness, dissatisfaction, and joy of adults or children. Emotionally empathizes with characters when listening to fairy tales, when watching children's plays, cartoons (he is happy, sad, angry, winces in “pain,” etc.).

Feels sad and ashamed. He understands that he did something badly (he didn’t have time to go to the toilet, spilled water), and expects a negative assessment from an adult. He worries if they scold him. He may be offended for a long time by punishment. He understands if someone else is doing something bad. Gives an emotionally negative assessment: “You cannot offend (break, tear, take away, fight).”

Can be jealous, offended, intercede, angry, disingenuous, mischievous.

Shows shyness with characteristic facial expressions, especially when addressed by a stranger. Wary of unfamiliar animals, individual people, and new situations. Fears and fear of the dark may arise.

A sense of caution and an understanding of danger are formed. Begins to navigate the concepts: dangerous - safe, harmful - useful. However, even at this age it is necessary to continue to explain to the child possible dangers, as described in the previous stage “2 years 6 months”. Follows verbal instructions in four to five steps. Becomes more accommodating, begins to understand the difference between the past and the future and realizes the opportunity to postpone the immediate fulfillment of his desires for the future. He makes attempts to restore order around himself. With proper upbringing, he shows emotional restraint: he does not shout in public places, calmly crosses the street with an adult, does not run on the sidewalk, calmly listens to an adult’s request and fulfills it, stops crying when there is a justified prohibition.

At the same time, he may be disobedient and emotionally tense when his movements are limited, or when adults do not understand his requests and desires. Can be persistent in its demands. He often repeats: “I myself.” Compared to the “2 years 6 months” stage, all children should clearly understand the quantitative relationship (one and many). A test can be administered to test this understanding.

Test

Place one item on the table (preferably candy), and on the other side several candies; then ask the child to show: “Where is one candy, and where is there a lot?” In the future, the idea of ​​numbers expands. The child points and says: “One, two, three, many, few.”

Begins to distinguish between the right and left sides, although he may still make mistakes. The leading hand (right-handedness or left-handedness) is determined in the interval of 20 months - 4 years. In the second half of life, there may be transient left-handedness in right-handed children.

Understands the difference between one's own and someone else's, learns to share with others. He understands that his things must be returned, but other people's toys (for example, in kindergarten) do not belong to him, they must be returned. Knows the names of body parts (head, neck, back, chest, stomach, arms, legs, fingers). Knows the purpose of body parts: “eyes look”, “ears listen”, “legs walk”.

Knows the names of the same parts of the body in humans and animals: “eyes for everyone, legs for a person, paws for an animal, arms for a person, wings for a bird.”

During this age period, the child should be able to navigate four colors quite well. Begins to distinguish between black and white colors, selects them according to a model or at the request of an adult: “Give me a red cube, give me a black cube.” To the question “What color is the cube?” correctly names 2–3 (sometimes more) colors.

He listens to fairy tales with great interest, has his favorite ones and demands to repeat them again and again. Likes to watch TV.

Active speech

At three years of age, natural diversity (variability) in the speech development of different children is reduced, and all children without any developmental disabilities must meet the requirements below.

Names some animals, as well as their babies, household items, clothes, dishes, equipment, plants, etc. from a picture.

All children at this age should say “I” about themselves: “I went,” “I myself.” Uses pronouns “you”, “we”, “mine”.

The child must be able to speak in simple, grammatical phrases. Phrases usually consist of three or four words. He begins to combine two phrases into a complex sentence (the main and subordinate parts of the sentence): “When dad comes home from work, we will go for a walk.” Words in phrases can be changed according to numbers and cases. The child's speech must be understandable to outsiders. He often accompanies his actions with speech. Enters into verbal dialogues with children and adults. Briefly tells adults what he is doing now or has done recently, that is, he conducts a conversation consisting of several sentences. Answers questions from an adult based on the plot picture. Tells a familiar fairy tale coherently based on the picture.

Attention! If at 3 years old a child communicates only with the help of babbling words and fragments of babbling sentences: “gaki” (eyes), “noti” (legs), “oko” (window), “dev” (door), “uti” (hands) ; “Yes, Tina” (give me the car), then an urgent consultation with a neurologist and sessions with a speech therapist are necessary (even if the child successfully passed a preventive examination by an “official” speech therapist).

During this period, the child can learn and repeat short poems (couplets and quatrains), short songs and excerpts from fairy tales. Word creation and a tendency to rhyme appear. Shows special interest in conversations between adults.

Quickly answers the question: “What is your name?” He says not only his first name, but also his last name. Calls friends by name.

Answers the question: “How old are you?” At first he just points with his fingers, and a little later he begins to tell his age. Knows her gender identity. Correctly answers the question: “Are you a boy or a girl?” He begins to distinguish the gender of those around him.

Asks not only simple questions: “What is this?”, “Who?”, “Where?”, “Where?” Increasingly, cognitive questions appear: “Why?”, “When?”, “Why?” and others. The question “why?” arises. marks a new stage in the child’s mental development. The age of why is coming. Before that, he was simply getting acquainted with the world, but now he seeks to understand this world. The earlier the child asked the question “why?”, the more complete his mental development, the later, the more obvious the delay. If a three-year-old child does not yet ask this question, then parents should ask it themselves and answer it themselves, thereby stimulating the child’s cognitive interest.

See also:

Razvitie_rebenka_v_3_goda.txt · Last changes: 2012/11/14 14:21 (external change)

The physical and mental development of a child at 3 years old has already passed through many stages. He suddenly turned from a baby into a preschooler. Parents had to go through the difficult transition period of a two-year-old, and now they can, to one degree or another, breathe easy.

The basic emotions and desires of three-year-old children are already more controlled, they become moderately obedient, and understand adults well. The child runs quickly, climbs over obstacles, and can perform two actions at the same time. Children speak in sentences and can explain in words what they want. At this age, they communicate well with each other and know how to play common games. In a word, the baby becomes almost an adult.

Physical development of a three-year-old child

The average weight of a boy at three years old is 13-17.4 kg, a girl weighs 12.5-17 kg. The height of boys is 91-102 cm, girls - 91-101 cm. The WHO physical development table gives slightly different indicators, the weight of a boy in it is 11.3-18.3 kg, girls - 10.8-18.1 kg, height accordingly - 88.7-103.5 cm, and 87.4-102.5 cm. In terms of their physical development, children at the age of three are increasingly different from each other. They begin to exhibit genetic characteristics, body weight and height may depend on the quality of nutrition and other factors.

By the age of three, the child has acquired many motor skills. He confidently climbs and descends the stairs, alternately moving both legs. Plays with a ball, can throw it into a box, dig with one foot. He rides a tricycle and knows how to turn it in the right direction. Rises on tiptoes to reach something, jumps on one and two legs. Babies can stand on one leg for more than five seconds. They confidently overcome various obstacles, know how to walk on an inclined plane, turn in all directions, and back away. A child at this age must perform two actions simultaneously. For example, clapping your hands and stomping your feet.

Children undergo intensive development of fine motor skills. They can already cope with the construction set, even if it contains small parts. They know how to cut with scissors and sculpt figures from plasticine. Children draw well; they can draw a circle, a square, a straight line, some large letters, and people with arms and legs. They independently build towers from 8-9 cubes and completely fold a colored pyramid. Children's games are becoming more and more complex, they come up with roles, make houses and garages out of construction sets, and put their dolls, animals and cars there. They fold and sort colorful pictures and cards with drawings, and begin to compose their own stories based on them. Can put together puzzles of 4-5 pieces.

By the age of three, the number of household skills also increases. Children dress and undress independently, try to tie their shoelaces and fasten buttons. They eat well with a spoon, hardly get dirty, drink from a mug, and know how to screw and unscrew the cap on a bottle. They wash their hands and dry them themselves without the help of their parents. Know how to use a handkerchief and napkins. They ask to go potty and regulate their physiological needs well.

Child's mental development

A child's cognitive development at 3 years old is very progressive. All thought processes are activated, logical thinking begins to appear, concentration improves, and brain activity improves. Children of this age become why-wonderful; for them there are no things about which it is impossible to ask a question. In addition to the usual “what is this?”, “who is this?”, more and more “why” appears. The child tries to find out the reason for certain phenomena and actions. He will not leave his parents until he satisfies his curiosity. It is important to give the child as spatial answers as possible, then his thinking will be deep and not superficial.

By the age of three, a child’s imagination begins to develop. The girl comes up with names for her dolls, tries to compose simple fairy tales and act them out during the game. Boys prefer to imagine themselves as a brave warrior or superman, a driver or a builder. Children begin to come up with role-playing games with 2-3 characters. It is no longer so easy to distract them or switch their attention to something else. So far, the child continues to break his toys, but is already trying to put them back. In his hands they can acquire new functions.

By the age of three, a child can sort objects by color and shape. The number of mathematical skills increases, children can count to five and understand simple numbers. Can follow three adult commands at once. He enjoys looking at pictures in books and tells what is written on them. Recognizes parents, grandparents, and acquaintances in photographs. The peculiarities of his vision allow him to distinguish even the smallest details in pictures, shades of different colors. The baby learns poems and songs and dances with pleasure to the music. Can tell the content of a fairy tale coherently and solve simple riddles. Sorts objects according to their properties, distinguishes shape, color, material from which they are made. Able to generalize. For example, he knows that a dog, a tiger cub, and a person can have eyes. That in humans the lower limbs are legs, and in animals they are paws. Children also group objects according to methods of action. The dog and the mosquito bite, planes and helicopters fly.

Speech development of a child

By the age of three, children's vocabulary increases significantly. They actively use almost a thousand words. They construct complex sentences from them, actively using adjectives, prepositions, and verbs. They know how to correctly put cases and tenses in sentences. Children know their first and last name well, answer the question “What is your name?”, “How old are you?” They also name the names of loved ones. They are able to clearly express their desires and feelings in words. During the game they constantly talk, commenting on their actions and the actions of the characters. The speech of children is quite clear and understandable, they make mistakes less and less often, and pronounce almost the entire alphabet, basic vowels and consonants. Children's perseverance and attentiveness become better, which makes it easier to work with them.

Children can memorize poems, fairy tales, songs. Looking at the pictures on the pages of the book, retell the fairy tale that you read a few days ago. They can tell you what they did yesterday or the day before, at the beginning of the week and even at the beginning of the month. They begin to figure out how much time has passed since this or that event.

Long-term memory can span an entire year. They know well where their toys and dishes are in the house, where the wardrobe is. They recognize people they have seen at least once in their lives. They begin to navigate the area well and can remember the road from the playground to the house. Closer to the age of four, they may know their hometown quite well.

Child's emotional development

The psycho-emotional, as well as mental development of a child at 3 years old reaches a new level. He is less likely to be capricious and throw tantrums, and his attacks of anger disappear. The problems of adolescence are gradually receding. Now he is learning to control his emotional state, listens to adults, responds to comments, does not shout in public places, and cries much less often. Praise kids often, they like it and develop a positive attitude towards life. But you need to scold the baby only in extreme cases; three-year-old children react very painfully to reproaches.

An important aspect of emotional development is the ability to make assessments. The baby begins to understand what is “good” and what is “bad”.

When he does something wrong, he expects punishment from his parents, fully understanding his wrongdoing. He can also evaluate someone else's action, characterizing it positively or negatively. The child's speech becomes emotionally charged. When I talk about some event, the kid raises his voice from an overabundance of feelings, confuses words, uses a lot of exclamations. His games become just as emotional. There are no limits to a child's imagination, so you will be surprised how original their characters are.

By the age of three, children have a more varied range of emotions. They know how not only to laugh and cry, but also to be embarrassed, admired, and sad. Sometimes the baby's facial expression becomes dreamy or thoughtful. Fears may also intensify. After all, imagination at this age is wild, a toddler can come up with a lot of monsters that live in the closet and are seriously afraid of them. Parents should not ignore this behavior. It is better to “check” with your child all the secret places where monsters can live in order to make sure that they are absent.

Child social development

The psychological and personal development of three-year-olds allows them to build stronger social connections. The main authorities for them remain their parents. Children actively copy their behavior, speech, and conversational intonations. Therefore, mom and dad need to monitor their behavior around the child. If they quarrel, their communication takes place in a raised tone, the baby will be nervous and copy this type of behavior in contacts with others. When parents show their love for each other, the baby will grow up calm and be able to share similar feelings with friends and peers. At the age of three, separation from mother is no longer perceived as tragic as before. Therefore, children can safely attend kindergarten, early development school, and are more willing to stay with a nanny.

Three-year-old children have already learned to play together. They are able to interact, create and remember the rules of the game. They often copy movements and skills from each other, which has a very positive effect on their development. The behavior of children can be different, some are happy to give away their toys, others are greedy. Some people prefer quiet role-playing games, others are more willing to run and jump. There are fighters among children, there are talkers and silent ones, some of them are sociable, and some are withdrawn. This means that by the age of three, individual character traits and temperamental characteristics begin to appear. Walk with your child where there are children. At the age of three, without communication with peers, he will not be able to fully grow and develop.

Nutrition and regime of a three-year-old child

By the age of three, a child eats almost everything. This does not mean that he can eat entirely from an adult table; his needs are slightly different from those of adults. The amount of food a baby should eat per day is 1500-1600 grams. About 500 g is milk and dairy products. Prepare food with your child and ask him what he will eat. In this way, the baby will learn to make his own choice, understand his own tastes, and be proud that his opinion is taken into account.

In order for the baby to receive all the necessary vitamins, his digestive system to work well, the menu should include vegetables, berries and fruits, as well as dried fruits. There are practically no restrictions, except that the child is allergic to some fruit. Beans are given with caution so as not to cause bloating. In addition to vegetables and fruits, children's diet should include porridge. It is advisable to choose them according to the baby’s taste, there are no more restrictions. The healthiest cereals in baby food are buckwheat, rice, oatmeal, millet; you can also give your child pearl barley, corn and barley porridge.

Proteins are one of the most essential food ingredients. They should be no less than 70-80 grams of the total daily amount of food. The child must eat fish, meat, and eggs. It is not yet recommended to give your baby fatty duck and goose, but a little pork, without lard, will not harm him. Fatty varieties of fish will be useful, because they contain a lot of vitamin D. The baby gets some of the proteins from dairy products; you can give him cottage cheese, hard and processed cheese, and fermented milk drinks. Children are fed eggs no more than 3-4 times a week. We must not forget about fluids; the child needs to drink about 600-700 milliliters per day. Practice making homemade juices, compotes, jelly and mousses. They are healthier than store-bought ones. Here is an approximate menu for a three-year-old baby:

• Morning meal. Mashed potatoes with dill, kefir, bread with butter and jam.
• Dinner. Vegetable soup with chicken broth, stew of potatoes, carrots, cauliflower and tomatoes, boiled chicken, compote, a piece of rye bread.
• Afternoon snack. Cottage cheese with sugar, a glass of milk, oatmeal cookies.
• Evening meal. Pasta baked with cabbage and cheese, tea, bread with butter and jam.

For three-year-old children, it is important to correctly create a daily routine and stick to it. The baby sleeps once a day for 1-3 hours, at night - 9-10 hours, rarely wakes up. Before daytime and evening sleep, you should take a walk with your child for 1-2 hours. If the weather is good, a morning walk, immediately after breakfast, will be beneficial. The best time for exercise is the first half of the day. You can do gymnastics after breakfast or after your child comes home from the street. It is better to do lessons for intellectual development with your child before lunch, and move creative activities to the evening. The regime for each child may have its own nuances. If your child attends kindergarten, you should also adhere to the same routine at home, on weekends or in the summer, as in the child care facility. Otherwise, it will be difficult for him to adapt after returning.

It is important to monitor your child's hygiene. Teach him to wash his hands before eating, after using the toilet and after walking. Brush your teeth with it twice a day. Finger nails should be trimmed once a week. Bath the baby every other day or every day. Teach your baby to collect his things after he has undressed. Let him put the clean ones in the closet, and take the dirty ones to the bathroom. This will affect his habits in the future and will teach the baby to be neat.

Activities for physical and mental development

At the age of three, it is important to pay attention to both the physical and mental development of children. Gymnastics should be done daily, for 20-30 minutes. Make it interesting and fun, practice with your child while listening to music. Let the child stretch his arms up, rise on tiptoes and say: “I’m big.” Then he will sit down and say “I’m small.” Ask your baby to stand on one leg for a long time, like a heron, and then alternately jump on one leg or the other. Lying on his back, the child raises his legs, thus pumping his abdominal muscles. Then he lies down on his tummy and tries to reach the back of his head with his toes. Exercises with a large gymnastic ball will be useful. Try to find educational videos or special pictures on the Internet, where exercises for three-year-olds are described in more detail.

By the age of three, children make great progress in speech development. Now they need to be taught to correctly form their thoughts, explain processes and events, and express emotions in words. Games with many questions will help a lot with this. Try with your child to group objects according to characteristics.

For example, find out what can be sweet, cold, high. Prepare cards with pictures, let him lay out and sort objects according to their main characteristics. Teach your child to navigate time. You can start mastering the calendar with it, let it remember the names of the seasons and months. Tell him about the sequence of actions. Emphasize that first you wash your hands, and then you can sit down to eat. First of all, you need to put on tights, then panties, then boots, and only after that you go for a walk.

Working with your child on the sequence of rows will be very useful. To do this you will need cards with drawings and color pictures. Children can be drawn on them at different stages of dressing, seasons, morning, day and night. You can start games in which you need to identify identical objects based on characteristics or find extra ones and create semantic pairs. Creative activities, modeling, drawing, and applique should occupy an important place. Let the child fantasize on his own, you just tell him what colors are best to use, what mold will help him create the desired figure. The parts for the appliqués can be ready-made, but it’s a good idea if the child cuts them out himself along the drawn lines. Mandatory materials for activities with a child should be coloring books, colored cards, cubes with letters and numbers, and other educational toys. Please provide comments for any type of activity. By talking to your child, you improve his speech.

Activities for emotional and psychological development

Musical classes and dancing are useful for emotional development, improving sensory and auditory perception. Show funny pictures in the book, learn funny poems and songs. After all, laughter is one of the most positive emotions, and a sense of humor will help a child have a positive attitude towards life in the future and cope with the most difficult situations. Parents should know that cheerful children experience age-related crises much faster and easier. Proper emotional development is no less important for a child than cognitive development. In addition, music, color pictures, books contribute to the development of sensory abilities, imagination, and initiative in children. Only through creativity, which is combined with learning, can children grow and improve their skills.

The construction set develops fine motor skills very well. Its parts can be of different sizes, both large and small. Try building a house out of Lego with your child, then put a bunny in it, and come up with a fairy tale about it together. If you practice early development, you will need the alphabet, Doman cards or Zaitsev cubes, notebooks, albums and other useful material that improves mental skills and logic. The alphabet can also be studied with the help of ordinary books, with letters, pictures and rhymes. The development of mathematical abilities is facilitated by the study of numbers and sequential series; at the age of three, you can already begin to teach your child simple arithmetic operations. The thematic activity should be interesting so that the child does not get bored and lose interest in it.

When using any technique, proper lesson planning is important. Use all the recommendations given in the manual. Only strict adherence to the instructions will help you fully achieve the result. And remember, activities with your child should bring him pleasure. Ask him less about the material he has learned, don’t give him endless tests, and don’t be too strict. Take a responsible approach to choosing the direction of your activity, because at the age of three years, the individual abilities of children already begin to manifest themselves. If a child is calm, intellectual and creative activities are more suitable for him; if he is hyperactive, more attention should be paid to physical development and outdoor games. Don’t forget to read books to your child and teach him poetry. Only in this way can one improve memory and develop correct speech and pronunciation.

Remember, a website or women's forum is not the place where you should look for advice or evaluate your child's development. Only a consultation with a pediatrician or psychologist can help identify the problem. All children are special and develop in their own way. The norms are rather arbitrary, and deviations from them do not always indicate a serious pathology. Regular activities with the child, daily learning through play, love for him and attention, this is what helps the baby grow and learn about the world correctly.

3 years is an important date in the life of a child and his parents, and many child psychologists and pediatricians consider this age to be the transitional age between infancy and childhood. After all, at 3 years old, the baby is already completely independent - he can talk, is oriented in everyday life, can eat food on his own, wash himself and find something to do. Most parents of three-year-olds do not have a clear idea of ​​what a child should be able to do at the age of 3, because some children at this age already read, while others still have difficulty speaking. Of course, there is not and cannot be an absolute norm of development, but there is a certain minimum of knowledge and skills that every 3-year-old child should possess.

Physical development of a child at 3 years old

The height and weight of a child at 3 years old depends not only on the pace of his development and the health of the baby, but also on racial and hereditary predisposition. Boys at 3 years old weigh from 13.5 to 17 kg, and girls - from 13 to 16 kg. Children's height is considered normal if it is between 86 and 100 cm.

At 3 years old, the child’s daily routine should not change dramatically; he still needs 10-11 hours of sleep at night and 1-1.5 hours of rest during the day. But observing the sleep and rest regime, it is also not worth forcing three-year-olds to sleep, with tears and scandal - such sleep instead of rest will become a real punishment for the baby, if the child categorically does not want to sleep, it is enough to put him to bed after lunch, lie quietly or read with him at this time books.

At 3 years old, a child already has confident control of his body, he can run, jump, step over obstacles, climb a vertical ladder, climb low slides, change direction on the move and can quickly turn around, bend over and squat. Many children at this age can already ride a tricycle, stand and jump on one leg, and also jump over a skipping rope.

The skills of neatness and self-service that a child has at 3 years old are considered very important. At this age, he should be able to ask to go to the potty or sit on it independently (it is considered acceptable if the baby sometimes does not have time to wake up at night and very rarely “plays” during the day). Children aged 3 must follow certain rules of behavior, and, unlike many other skills and abilities, these depend only on the upbringing and manners of the adults around the child. At this age, children already understand perfectly well what behavior causes disapproval from adults, and can monitor their own appearance. Many girls at the age of 3 already choose their own clothes, get very upset if they get dirty, ask their mothers to do their hair every day and put on beads, hairpins and rings on their own.

In addition to neatness skills, a three-year-old the child should be able to eat with a spoon and begin to use a fork, drink without spilling from a cup and know how to independently take food from the refrigerator or cupboard.

Many parents do not allow their children to do anything in the kitchen, believing that three-year-olds will get dirty and spoil more, but this is fundamentally wrong - a child should be taught to be independent at this age. A three-year-old baby can easily help his mother by taking food out of cupboards or cutting cheese with a special children's knife. Such tasks help children feel involved in the “adult” life of the family and at the same time teach them how and what to do to prepare food.

At 3 years old, children can wash themselves, brush their teeth under the supervision of their parents, take off their clothes, and many even try to dress themselves, although they cannot always cope with buttons, laces and ties.

Neuropsychic development of a child at 3 years old

At 3 years old, a child not only grows and develops, he literally “absorbs” information like a sponge, and experienced psychologists and teachers advise not to miss this time under any circumstances. It is after 3 years that you can begin regular classes to prepare your child for school, familiarize yourself with the outside world, and study foreign languages ​​or music. Many parents make a big mistake, believing that if they sent their child to kindergarten, then they do not need to take any more care of his development. Unfortunately, as practice shows, most public and private kindergartens cannot fully engage in the development of each child, so additional classes cannot be done without.

At this age, the child should be fluent in speech, and speak in short sentences, not individual words. Children at 3 years old can already memorize a poem of 2-4 lines, know the names of all close relatives, speak about themselves in the 1st person and name not only the names of objects, but also give them a brief description, and can also say why this or that object is needed or what it does.

It is very important that a 3-year-old child be able to fully concentrate on one subject for 3-5 minutes, be able to find a solution to a problem himself, and not immediately turn to an adult for help.

Children aged 3 should confidently hold a pencil in their hand and draw straight lines and circles with it., be able to color pictures, draw with paints, cut paper along the line, make simple applications (with parents), sculpt from plasticine and other materials.

A child’s thinking at the age of 3 also changes greatly - now he already draws conclusions from what he sees and hears, looks for connections between objects and phenomena and is ready to endlessly pester his parents with questions “why”, “how” and “why”, sometimes asking about the same thing many times in a row. At this age, children should collect pictures from 2-3 parts, generalize objects into groups, find similarities and differences, as well as inconsistencies in the pictures (of course, in the simplest versions).

At the age of 3 years there is a second “surge” of children’s independence.– now the baby wants to do everything himself and gets very angry if you don’t let him dress on his own or correct the result of his work. Experienced parents advise not to try to “over-stubborn” a child, unless, of course, in the future you want to encounter problems of spinelessness and lack of independence in a teenager, but to allocate time in advance for him to try to do everything himself. Yes, in conditions of constant lack of time, it is very difficult to do this, but such behavior can help you maintain mutual understanding with your child, develop success and independence in him, and also protect your nerve cells. Getting up half an hour earlier in the morning, mentally increasing the time for all things by 15-20 minutes and agreeing with the child: “we go to kindergarten quickly and I dress you myself, but when you get back you do everything yourself,” will help avoid a lot of problems.

The social development of a child at the age of 3 also makes a big leap; now the baby agrees to “let” strangers into his world, constant contact with his mother and other loved ones is no longer so important to him, and games with peers seem much more attractive than games with adults. Children at 3 years old willingly observe and interact with other people; they no longer miss the company of their mother and relatives. At this age, they simply need to communicate with other kids, since only in the company of their peers can they learn the rules of communication, the ability to resolve conflicts and defend their opinions.

A child is 3 years old - is there any reason to worry?

It is always difficult to sensibly assess the development of your child, but parents of three-year-olds should pay attention to their baby if he:

• walks, runs, climbs stairs unsteadily;
• cannot play ball, ride a swing or ride a tricycle;
• still does not speak or speaks very slurred;
• speaks about himself only in the 3rd person;
• does not know his way around his house, on the playground, or in the yard;
• does not control his physiological needs during the day;
• cannot be left alone, without adults, even for the shortest time;
• does not know how to find something to do on his own, cannot concentrate on one thing even for 5 minutes;
• does not play or be interested in other children;
• does not know the names of surrounding objects, animals, toys, etc.

Girls and boys at 3 years old

A big difference between boys and girls at 3 years old can be seen in their speech development, as well as in how exactly they perceive the speech of others.

It has long been statistically confirmed: girls begin to speak earlier than boys, and at 3 years old their active vocabulary can be 2 times larger than that of their peers of the opposite sex. This difference in speech development is due to the fact that girls perceive information through feelings and their expression - words, while boys prefer something more “concrete” - behavior, gestures and movements of others. This is why it seems to parents of three-year-olds that it is much easier to come to an agreement with girls - they listen and “hear” exactly the words of their parents, while boys pay more attention to how adults behave. So don’t be surprised, if it’s enough for a girl to say that crossing a red traffic light is dangerous, then you will have to demonstrate the correct behavior to the boy, only in this way will he be able to firmly learn this lesson.